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Daisy's Graves' Disease Educational Site
Graves' Ophthalmopathy aka Thyroid Eye Disease

Good Explanation of GD & GO by IndiaMart

Baylor University's GO Site

Intellithealth's GO web pages

RAI Exacerbates GO

Improvement With Antioxidants

All about Diplopia (Double Vision)

Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) runs an independent course, occurring before hyperthyroidism in 20% of patients, simultaneously in 40%, and after symptoms of hyperthyroidism develop in 40% of patients. Smokers are 7.7 times more likely to develop GO than nonsmokers. There are 2 variations of GO, an autoimmune induced congestive infiltration and a spastic or staring disorder caused by excess thyroid hormone. Eye symptoms are classified by a system called NOSPECS with class 0 = no symptoms and class 6 = sight loss due to optic nerve compression.

How Free Fatty Acids Help Dry Eye Syndrome

Orbital Decompression Surgery

A short course of steroids often helps symptoms of GO, although when used at higher doses, symptoms may return in full force when the steroids are discontinued. Natural methods used to slow down the immune system, including dietary changes, can also help reduce symptoms.

Euthyroid Graves' Disease

GO Eye Signs,including NOSPECS; Excellent GO Site

NEJM article on GD treatment as a cause of GO

What is Graves' Ophthalmopathy?

About.com article on GO

Graves' ophthalmopathy generally develops within 18 months of thyroid symptoms, although it may occur before the thyroid disease emerges. It may also occur in the absence of thyroid symptoms in a condition called euthyroid Graves' disease.

With sophisticated imaging tests, nearly all GD patients show evidence of ocular changes. However, clinically significant GO only occurs in 10% to 25% of GD patients. Of these, only 5% have severe GO. Read about the pathology, symptoms, signs, development & treatment of GO in my upcoming book's 30 page chapter on GO.

Euthyroid GD and TSI

TFA's GO page-includes euthyroid Graves' disease